Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) Quiz

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome or PCOS is a condition that can affect women during their reproductive years. It is generally diagnosed when women have irregular periods (menstrual cycles) along with features of excess male hormones (androgens). Patients typically have evidence of abnormal hair growth on their face, chest or abdomen. They can have multiple cysts (fluid sacs) on their ovaries when looked at by ultrasound, but this is not required. Patients with obesity have an increased risk for PCOS. The exact cause is unknown, but it can run in families and is related to hormonal imbalances (estrogen, insulin, testosterone etc).

• Excessive hair growth on the body

• Long intervals between periods e.g. 39 days or more

• Voice has become lower, deeper

• Bleeding in between menstrual cycles / periods or after menopause

• Abnormal menstrual cycles e.g. too early or too late

• Pimples / Acne

• Hair loss

• Mental stress or physical exhaustion

The diagnosis must first be confirmed and other conditions such as diabetes and thyroid disorders must be ruled out. With PCOS, lifestyle changes such as losing weight, correcting diabetes and eating better can help. Many patients will need hormonal medications to control their menstrual cycle and reduce future risks. Treatment also can be used to reduce symptoms, such as laser or cream for hair removal. If fertility is desired, the specialist may advise on medications or minor surgeries to improve fertility. If fertility medicines are not effective, surgical procedures may be recommended. Many women can get pregnant with PCOS, sometimes with needed treatment.